Nkululamiso (Alignment)
Alignment
Endlelo ro tiyisisa leswaku swikongomelo, mihumo, na mahanyelo ya sisiteme ya AI swi fambisana na swikongomelo na mimpimanyeto ya vanhu. Leswi i swa nkoka ngopfu eka tisisiteme ta le henhla leti nga ha vaka na mahanyelo lama nga kunguhatiwangiki hi ku kongoma.
Xikombiso: Ku tiyisisa leswaku chatbot ya nseketelo wa rihanyo ra mianakanyo a yi nge pfuki yi bumabumela swiendlo swo biha ku nga khathariseki swikombelo.
Xikombiso xa Vurhangeri bya Tiprogiramu (API) (Application Programming Interface (API))
Application Programming Interface (API)
Ntlawa wa milawu na tiprotocol leti hlamuseriweke leti pfumelelaka tisisiteme to hambana ta software ku vulavurisana na ku cincana datha.
Xikombiso: Ku tirhisa OpenAI API ku rhumela xikombelo na ku amukela nhlamulo leyi endliweke hi modele wa ririmi eka web app ya wena.
Vutlhari byo Endliwa lebyi Angarhelaka (AGI) (Artificial General Intelligence (AGI))
Artificial General Intelligence (AGI)
Xivumbeko xa theoretical xa AI lexi nga endlaka ntirho wun'wana na wun'wana wa vutlhari lowu munhu a nga wu endlaka. Yi angarhela ku dyondza eka swiyenge swo hambana.
Xikombiso: Sisiteme ya AGI yi nga dyondza ku qamba vuyimbeleri, ku endla vuhandzuri, na ku pasa xikambelo xa filosofi handle ko rhangela hi ku kongoma eka ntirho.
Vutlhari byo Endliwa (AI) (Artificial Intelligence (AI))
Artificial Intelligence (AI)
Ku tekelela vutlhari bya vanhu eka michini leyi pulaniweke ku anakanya, ku ehleketa, na ku endla swilo hi yoxe.
Xikombiso: AI yi pfuna vapfuni va munhu hi xiyexe ku fana na Siri na tisisiteme to chayela hi toxe ku fana na Tesla Autopilot.
Mimpimanyeto ya Vutivi bya AI (AI Ethics)
AI Ethics
Xiyenge lexi khumbaka swivilelo swa mahanyelo swa nhluvukiso na matirhiselo ya AI, ku katsa na vululami, vuhlayiseki, vutihlamuleri, na ku ka u nga hlawuli.
Xikombiso: Ku endla swiletelo swo sivela ti-algorithm to thola vanhu ku hlawula hi ku ya hi rimbewu kumbe rixaka.
Vutlhari lebyi Andzisiweke (Augmented Intelligence)
Augmented Intelligence
Modele wa ntirhisano laha AI yi hetisaka na ku antswisa vutlhari bya vanhu ematshan'weni yo byi siva.
Xikombiso: Switirhisiwa swa radiology leswi pfunaka hi AI leswi kombaka swihoxo eka madokodela, lava endlaka xiboho xo hetelela.
Muenzi wo Tiyimela (Autonomous Agent)
Autonomous Agent
Sisiteme ya AI leyi kotaka ku tiendlela swiboho na ku teka magoza yo fikelela swikongomelo swa yona handle ka ku nghenelela ka vanhu.
Xikombiso: Rorobhoto ro fambisa swilo leri chayelaka hi roxe leri fambaka eswitarateni swa doroba na ku papalata swipingwa hi roxe.
Ku Hangalasa endzhaku (Backpropagation)
Backpropagation
Thekiniki yo letela tinethweke ta vutlhari hi ku pfuxeta swipimo hi ku suka eka vuhumo ku ya eka vungheno, ku hunguta swihoxo swa ku vhumbha.
Xikombiso: Yi tirhisiwa eku leteleni ka swihlawuri swa swifaniso ku hunguta xihoxo eku lemukeni ka tinomboro leti tsariweke hi voko.
Xihlawuhlawu (Xihlawuhlawu xa Algorithm) (Bias (Algorithmic Bias))
Bias (Algorithmic Bias)
Ku rhandza loku nga kunguhatiwangiki na loku landzelelanaka eka mihumo ya AI hikwalaho ka datha yo letela leyi nga ringaneliki kumbe leyi nga yimelelangiki.
Xikombiso: Sisiteme yo lemuka swikandza leyi hoxisaka ku lemuka vanhu va ntima hi ku tala hikwalaho ka ku ka va nga yimeleriwanga kahle eka datha yo letela.
Datha Leyikulu (Big Data)
Big Data
Tidathaseti letikulu swinene leti lavaka switirhisiwa swo hlawuleka ku hlayisa, ku kambisisa, na ku humesa nkoka, leyi talaka ku tirhiseriwa ku letela timodeli ta AI.
Xikombiso: Ku tirhisa timiliyoni ta vuxaka bya vatirhisi ku letela tinjini to bumabumela eka tiplatifomo ta e-commerce.
Modele wa Bokisi ro Ntima (Black Box Model)
Black Box Model
Ndhawu ya AI kumbe modele wa ku dyondza ka muchini lowu endlelo ra wona ra le ndzeni ri nga twisisekiki hi ku olova hi vanhu, leswi endlaka leswaku swi tika ku twisisa ndlela leyi swiboho swi endliwaka ha yona.
Xikombiso: Nethweke ya vutlhari leyi enteke leyi tirhisiwaka ku pfumelela swikweleti kambe yi nga nyiki nhlamuselo leyi veke erivaleni ya leswaku ha yini mukombeli un'wana a amukeriwile kasi un'wana a aliwile.
Khompyuta ya Vutivi (Cognitive Computing)
Cognitive Computing
Tisisiteme ta AI leti endleriweke ku tekelela maendlelo ya mianakanyo ya vanhu, yo fana na ku anakanya na ku dyondza, hi ku tirhisa tithekiniki to fana na NLP na ku lemuka tipatironi.
Xikombiso: Sisiteme ya khompyuta ya vutivi leyi pfunaka vatirhi va nawu ku kambisisa nawu wa milandzu na ku vhumbha mihumo.
Ku Vona ka Khompyuta (Computer Vision)
Computer Vision
Xiyenge xa vutlhari byo endliwa lexi pfumelelaka tikhompyuta ku hlamusela na ku lulamisa datha ya swivono yo fana na swifaniso na vhidiyo.
Xikombiso: Tisisiteme to lemuka swikandza leti lemukaka vanhu eka swifaniso swa vuhlayiseki hi ku tirhisa ku vona ka khompyuta.
Ntlawa wa Matsalwa (Corpus)
Corpus
Ntlawa lowukulu wa matsalwa lama tsariweke kumbe lama vuriweke lawa ma tirhisiwaka ku letela timodeli ta ririmi.
Xikombiso: Dathaseti ya Common Crawl i ntlawa wa matsalwa wa webu wa mani na mani lowu tirhisiwaka ku letela timodeli letikulu ta ririmi to fana na GPT.
Ku Hundzuka ka Datha (Data Drift)
Data Drift
Endlelo leri datha leyi nghenisiwaka yi cincaka ha rona hi ku famba ka nkarhi, leswi endlaka leswaku vukorhokeri bya modele byi hunguteka.
Xikombiso: Modele wo vhumbha wa ku hlayisa switirhisiwa swa tiindasitiri wu va lowu nga lulamangiki swinene loko thekinoloji leyintshwa ya tisensara yi tivisiwa.
Ku Funga Datha (Data Labelling)
Data Labelling
Endlelo ro fungha datha hi swifungo kumbe tilebuli leswaku yi faneleka eka ku dyondza loku lawuriwaka.
Xikombiso: Ku fungha magidi ya swifaniso swa thumba tanihi leswi nga riki na khombo kumbe leswi nga na khombo ku letela modele wo kuma khensa.
Vucelamarivala bya Datha (Data Mining)
Data Mining
Endlelo ro kuma tipatironi ta nkoka, vuxaka, na swihoxo eka tidathaseti letikulu.
Xikombiso: Vaxavisi va tirhisa vucelamarivala bya datha ku kuma leswaku vanhu lava xavaka manapukeni va tala ku xava na byala.
Ku Dyondza loku Enteke (Deep Learning)
Deep Learning
Xiyenge xa le hansi xa ku dyondza ka muchini lexi tirhisaka tinethweke ta vutlhari ta swiyenge swo tala ku endla timodeli ta tipatironi leti rharhanganeke eka datha.
Xikombiso: Ku dyondza loku enteke ku tirhisiwa eka timodeli ta ririmi to fana na GPT-4 na timodeli to tumbuluxa swifaniso to fana na Stable Diffusion.
Timodeli ta ku Hangalasa (Diffusion Models)
Diffusion Models
Ntlawa wa timodeli to tumbuluxa leti dyondzaka ku humesa datha hi ku cinca pongo leri nga hlelekangiki hi ku kongoma ku va mihumo leyi hlelekeke.
Xikombiso: Stable Diffusion yi tumbuluxa swifaniso swa xiviri ku suka eka swikombelo swa matsalwa hi ku tirhisa tithekiniki ta ku hangalasa.
Ku Nghenisa (Embedding)
Embedding
Vuyimeri bya tinomboro bya datha, lebyi talaka ku tirhiseriwa ku kuma nhlamuselo ya marito, swifaniso, kumbe swivulwa.
Xikombiso: Eka NLP, rito 'banki' ri nga va na ku nghenisa loku fanaka na 'mali' kambe ri hambanile na 'ribuwa ra nambu' ku ya hi mongo.
Nkarhi wa ku Letela (Epoch)
Epoch
Ku hundza loku heleleke eka dathaseti hinkwayo yo letela hi nkarhi wa endlelo ro letela ra modele wa ku dyondza ka muchini.
Xikombiso: Loko dathaseti yi ri na swikombiso swa 1,000 naswona modele wu vona hinkwaswo kan'we hi nkarhi wa ku letela, wolowo i nkarhi wun'we wa ku letela.
AI ya Mimpimanyeto (Ethical AI)
Ethical AI
Filosofi ya vuyelo na matirhiselo leyi tiyisisaka leswaku tithekinoloji ta AI ti tirha hi ku veka erivaleni, hi vululami, na hi ku fambisana na mimpimanyeto ya vaaki.
Xikombiso: Xitirhisiwa xo thola vanhu xa AI lexi katsaka ku kambela xihlawuhlawu ku sivela ku hlawula vakombeli va ntlawa wa le hansi.
Sisiteme ya Vutshila (Expert System)
Expert System
Sisiteme ya AI leyi tekelelaka vuswikoti byo endla swiboho bya n'wampfampfarhuti wa munhu eka xiyenge xo karhi hi ku tirhisa milawu na mianakanyo.
Xikombiso: Sisiteme ya vutshila leyi tirhisiwaka eka vurimi ku bumabumela vutshunguri bya swimilani hi ku ya hi datha ya misava na matimu ya switsotswana.
AI leyi Hlamuseriwaka (XAI) (Explainable AI (XAI))
Explainable AI (XAI)
Tisisiteme ta AI leti endleriweke ku endla leswaku maendlelo ya tona ya le ndzeni na swiboho swi twisiseka eka vanhu, ku engetela ku tshemba na vutihlamuleri.
Xikombiso: AI yo kambela vuvabyi leyi nga nyikiki ntsena xibumabumelo kambe yi tlhela yi hlamusela leswaku hi swihi swikombiso leswi yiseke eka xiboho xexo.
Ku Dyondza hi Swikombiso Swa Le hansi (Few-shot Learning)
Few-shot Learning
Ndlela ya ku dyondza ka muchini laha modele wu letelaka kumbe wu lulamisiwaka hi ku tirhisa ntsena nhlayo yitsongo ya swikombiso leswi fambisanaka.
Xikombiso: Ku lulamisa LLM ku tsala ti-imeyili ta nawu endzhaku ko yi komba ntsena swikombiso swa 10.
Ku Lulamisa loku Hetisekeke (Fine-tuning)
Fine-tuning
Endlelo ro teka modele lowu se wu leteriweke na ku wu letela swin'wana eka dathaseti leyintshwa, leyitsongo ku wu endla wu hlawuleka eka ntirho wo karhi.
Xikombiso: Ku lulamisa loku hetisekeke ka LLM ya ntolovelo ku fana na GPT eka matsalwa ya nawu ya le ndzeni ku endla mupfuni wo tsala nawu.
Modele wa Masungulo (Foundation Model)
Foundation Model
Modele wa xikalo lexikulu lowu leteriweke eka datha yo hambana na leyi anameke lowu nga lulamiseriwaka eka mitirho yo tala ya le ndzhaku.
Xikombiso: GPT-4 na PaLM 2 i timodeli ta masungulo leti kotaka ku komisa, ku hlamula swivutiso, ku hundzuluxela, na swin'wana.
Mianakanyo leyi Nga Twisisekiki (Fuzzy Logic)
Fuzzy Logic
Xivumbeko xa mianakanyo lexi tirhisanaka na mimpimo leyi tshineleke ematshan'weni ya mianakanyo leyi tiyeke ya ntiyiso/mavunwa (binary), leyi pfunaka eku anakanyeni ehansi ka ku ka u nga tiyiseki.
Xikombiso: Yi tirhisiwa eka tisisiteme to lawula maxelo ku lulamisa themperetjha hi ku ya hi swilo swo fana na 'ku hisa kutsongo' kumbe 'ku titimela swinene'.
Nethweke ya ku Tumbuluxa leyi Kanetanaka (GAN) (Generative Adversarial Network (GAN))
Generative Adversarial Network (GAN)
Xivumbeko xa modele wo tumbuluxa laha tinethweke timbirhi — mutumbuluxi na muhlawuri — ti phikizanaka ku antswisa xiyimo xa vuhumo.
Xikombiso: Ti-GAN ti tirhisiwa ku endla tivhidiyo ta deepfake kumbe ku tumbuluxa swifaniso swa xiviri swa swikumiwa ku suka eka swidirowiwa.
AI yo Tumbuluxa (Generative AI)
Generative AI
Ntlawa wa vutlhari byo endliwa lowu nga tumbuluxaka vuxokoxoko byintshwa — byo fana na matsalwa, swifaniso, vuyimbeleri, kumbe vhidiyo — ku suka eka datha yo letela.
Xikombiso: ChatGPT yi tumbuluxa switsariwa swa blog kumbe Midjourney yi tumbuluxa vutshila bya dijitali ku suka eka swikombelo swa matsalwa.
Xitirhisiwa xo Tumbuluxa lexi Letekeke ka ha ri emahlweni (GPT) (Generative Pre-trained Transformer (GPT))
Generative Pre-trained Transformer (GPT)
Ntlawa wa timodeli letikulu ta ririmi leti endliweke hi OpenAI leti tirhisaka xivumbeko xa transformer naswona ti leteriwe ka ha ri emahlweni eka nhlayo leyikulu ya datha ya matsalwa ku endla mitirho yo hambana ya ririmi.
Xikombiso: GPT-4 yi kota ku tsala switsariwa, ku hundzuluxela tindzimi, na ku komisa matsalwa hi swikombelo switsongo.
Algorithm ya Ntumbuluko (Genetic Algorithm)
Genetic Algorithm
Thekiniki yo antswisa leyi huhuteriweke hi nhlawulo wa ntumbuluko laha swintshuxo swi cincaka hi ku famba ka nkarhi hi ku cinca, ku hlanganisa, na ku hlawula.
Xikombiso: Yi tirhisiwa ku endla swivumbeko swa tinethweke ta vutlhari leswi tirhaka kahle hi ku tekelela ku pona ka lava fanelekaka swinene.
Ku Vona swa Hava (Hallucination)
Hallucination
Ku tumbuluxiwa ka vuxokoxoko lebyi twalaka byi ri bya ntiyiso kambe byi ri na swihoxo swa ntiyiso kumbe byi nga twisiseki hi modele wa AI.
Xikombiso: Modele wa ririmi wu tumbuluxa xikombo lexi nga riki kona kumbe wu nyika tinhlamuselo ta matimu ta mavunwa.
Ndlela yo Olova (Heuristic)
Heuristic
Ndlela yo tirha yo lulamisa swiphiqo leyi nga tiyisiki xintshuxo lexi hetisekeke kambe yi ringanela swikongomelo swa nkarhi wolowo.
Xikombiso: Ku tirhisa nawu wa xikunwana ku ringanyeta nkarhi wo fambisa swilo eka sisiteme ya AI ya swifambo.
Hipapharamitha (Hyperparameter)
Hyperparameter
Nkoka wa vuyelo lowu vekiwaka emahlweni ka ku letela modele wa ku dyondza ka muchini, wo fana na rivilo ro dyondza kumbe nhlayo ya swiyenge.
Xikombiso: Ku lulamisa sayizi ya ntlawa ku suka eka 32 ku ya eka 128 ku antswisa rivilo ro letela na vukorhokeri bya modele.
Ku Endla Makumu (Inference)
Inference
Endlelo ro tirhisa modele wa ku dyondza ka muchini lowu leteriweke ku endla swivhumbho kumbe ku humesa mihumo ku suka eka datha leyintshwa leyi nghenisiwaka.
Xikombiso: Ku tirhisa modele wa GPT lowu lulamisiweke kahle ku tsala ti-imeyili eka ntlawa wa nseketelo wa vaxavi.
Ku Kuma Xikongomelo (Intent Detection)
Intent Detection
Ntirho eka ku twisisa ririmi ra ntumbuluko laha sisiteme yi kumaka xikongomelo kumbe pakani ya mutirhisi eka rungula.
Xikombiso: Eka chatbot, ku lemuka 'Ndzi lava ku bhuka xihahampfhuka' tanihi xikongomelo xo bhuka riendzo.
Inthanete ya Swilo (IoT) (Internet of Things (IoT))
Internet of Things (IoT)
Nethweke ya switirhisiwa swa miri leswi hlanganisiweke leswi nghenisiweke tisensara, software, na tithekinoloji tin'wana ku hlengeleta na ku cincana datha.
Xikombiso: Tithermostati na swigwitsirisi leswi vutlhari leswi vikaka datha ya matirhiselo na ku lulamisa swiletelo hi ku tirhisa nkambisiso wa AI.
Vuswikoti byo Hlamuseriwa (Interpretability)
Interpretability
Xikalo lexi munhu a nga twisisaka ha xona maendlelo ya le ndzeni ya modele wa ku dyondza ka muchini na endlelo ra wona ro endla swiboho.
Xikombiso: Nsinya wa swiboho wu hlamuseriwa swinene ku tlula nethweke ya vutlhari leyi enteke hikuva swiboho swa wona swa landzeleriseka.
Notibuku ya Jupyter (Jupyter Notebook)
Jupyter Notebook
Mbango wa khompyuta lowu tirhisanaka wa xihlovo lexi pfulekeke lowu pfumelelaka vatirhisi ku tsala khodi, ku vona mihumo, na ku tsala nkambisiso eka xikombiso xin'we.
Xikombiso: Vativi va datha va tirhisa tiNotibuku ta Jupyter ku endla swikombiso swa timodeli ta ku dyondza ka muchini na ku avelana mihumo.
Vaakelani va le Kusuhi swinene va K (KNN) (K-Nearest Neighbours (KNN))
K-Nearest Neighbours (KNN)
Algorithm yo olova, leyi nga riki ya tipharamitha ya ku dyondza ka muchini leyi tirhisiwaka eka ku hlawula na ku vhumbha. Yi endla swiboho hi ku ya hi swikombiso swo letela swa le kusuhi swinene eka xivandla xa swihlawulekisi.
Xikombiso: Ku hlawula mihandzu leyintshwa tanihi apula kumbe pere, KNN yi kambela leswaku hi yihi mihandzu leyi fambisanaka leyi nga kusuhi swinene hi xivumbeko na muhlovo.
Girafu ya Vutivi (Knowledge Graph)
Knowledge Graph
Xivumbeko xa datha lexi tirhisaka tinodi na mimpimo ku yimela na ku hlayisa tinhlamuselo leti hlanganisiweke ta swivumbiwa na vuxaka bya swona.
Xikombiso: Phaneli ya vutivi ya Google yi pfuneteka hi girafu ya vutivi leyi hlanganisaka swivumbiwa swo fana na vanhu, tindhawu, na swiendlakalo.
Nsuso wa Modele wa ku Dyondza Ririmi (LLMO) (Language Learning Model Optimisation (LLMO))
Language Learning Model Optimisation (LLMO)
Tithekiniki leti tirhisiwaka ku antswisa vukorhokeri, vukorhokeri, kumbe ku lulamiseka ka timodeli letikulu ta ririmi eka mitirho kumbe swiyenge swo karhi.
Xikombiso: Ku tirhisa ku ringanisa na ku letela hi swiletelo ku antswisa LLM eka matirhiselo ya mabindzu.
Modele lowukulu wa Ririmi (LLM) (Large Language Model (LLM))
Large Language Model (LLM)
Ndhawu ya modele wa ku dyondza loku enteke lowu leteriweke eka nhlayo leyikulu ya datha ya matsalwa lowu kotaka ku tumbuluxa, ku twisisa, na ku anakanya hi ririmi ra vanhu.
Xikombiso: ChatGPT na Claude i ti-LLM leti leteriweke ku pfuna eku tsaleni, ku khoda, na ku hlamula swivutiso.
Xivandla lexi Fihliweke (Latent Space)
Latent Space
Vuyimeri bya xiyimo xa le henhla lebyi nga twisisekiki laha swilo leswi fanaka swi hlengeletiwaka kusuhi, leswi tirhisiwaka eka timodeli to tumbuluxa na ku nghenisa.
Xikombiso: Eka ku tumbuluxa swifaniso, ku lawula xivandla lexi fihliweke swi nga cinca swihlawulekisi swo fana na ku vonakala kumbe mintlhaveko.
Rivilo ro Dyondza (Learning Rate)
Learning Rate
Hipapharamitha ya nkoka eku leteleni leyi lawulaka ndlela leyi swipimo swa modele swi lulamisiwaka ha yona hi ku ya hi xihoxo xa ku lahleka.
Xikombiso: Rivilo ro dyondza ra le henhla ri nga endla leswaku ku va na ku tlula swipimo, kasi rivilo ra le hansi swinene ri nonokisa nhluvuko wa ku letela.
Ku Dyondza ka Muchini (ML) (Machine Learning (ML))
Machine Learning (ML)
Rhavi ra AI leri pfumelelaka tisisiteme ku dyondza eka datha na ku antswisa vukorhokeri handle ko pulaniwa hi ku kongoma.
Xikombiso: Swihlayisi swa spam swi tirhisa ku dyondza ka muchini ku hlawula ti-imeyili tanihi spam kumbe ku nga ri spam hi ku ya hi swikombiso swa nkarhi lowu hundzeke.
Ku Hundzuka ka Modele (Model Drift)
Model Drift
Endlelo leri vukorhokeri bya modele byi hungutekaka ha rona hi ku famba ka nkarhi hikwalaho ka ku cinca ka datha kumbe mbango.
Xikombiso: Modele wo kuma vukanganyisi wu va lowu nga lulamangiki swinene loko maendlelo ya vukanganyisi ma cinca.
Ku Letela Modele (Model Training)
Model Training
Endlelo ro nyika datha eka modele wa ku dyondza ka muchini na ku lulamisa tipharamitha ta wona ku hunguta xihoxo.
Xikombiso: Ku letela njini yo bumabumela eka matimu ya ku xava ka vaxavi ku bumabumela swikumiwa leswintshwa.
AI ya Swivumbeko swo Tala (Multimodal AI)
Multimodal AI
Tisisiteme ta AI leti kotaka ku lulamisa na ku hlanganisa tinxaka to tala ta datha to fana na matsalwa, swifaniso, mpfumawulo, na vhidiyo.
Xikombiso: Modele wo fana na GPT-4 Vision lowu kotaka ku hlaya matsalwa na ku hlamusela swifaniso hi nkarhi wun'we.
Ku Lulamisa Ririmi ra Ntumbuluko (NLP) (Natural Language Processing (NLP))
Natural Language Processing (NLP)
Xiyenge xa le hansi xa AI lexi kongomisaka eka vuxaka exikarhi ka tikhompyuta na tindzimi ta vanhu (ta ntumbuluko). Xi pfumelela michini ku hlaya, ku twisisa, na ku hlamula hi ririmi ra vanhu.
Xikombiso: NLP yi tirhisiwa eka vapfuni va rito, ti-app to hundzuluxela ririmi, na ti-chatbot.
Nethweke ya Vutlhari (Neural Network)
Neural Network
Modele wa ku dyondza ka muchini lowu huhuteriweke hi xivumbeko xa byongo bya munhu, lowu vumbiweke hi swiyenge swa tinodi leti hlanganisiweke (ti-neuron).
Xikombiso: Tinethweke ta vutlhari ti le ndzhaku ka timodeli ta ku dyondza loku enteke leti tirhisiwaka eku lemukeni ka swifaniso na mbulavulo.
Pongo (Noise)
Noise
Vuxokoxoko lebyi nga hlelekangiki kumbe lebyi nga riki bya nkoka eka datha lebyi nga sivelaka tipatironi ta nkoka na ku khumba vukorhokeri bya modele hi ndlela yo biha.
Xikombiso: Swihoxo swa tisensara kumbe swilo leswi nghenisiweke eka datha leswi teleke swihoxo swi nga tekiwa tanihi pongo.
Vutivi bya Swivumbiwa (Ontology)
Ontology
Furemu leyi hlelekeke leyi hlawulaka na ku hlamusela vuxaka exikarhi ka miehleketo endzeni ka xiyenge, leyi talaka ku tirhisiwa eka tisisiteme ta AI ta nhlamuselo.
Xikombiso: Vutivi bya swivumbiwa eka rihanyo byi nga hlamusela ndlela leyi swikombiso swi fambisanaka ha yona na mavabyi na vutshunguri.
Ku Letela loku Tlurisaka (Overfitting)
Overfitting
Xihoxo xa ku endla timodeli laha modele wa ku dyondza ka muchini wu kumaka pongo eka datha yo letela naswona wu tirha hi ndlela yo biha eka datha leyintshwa.
Xikombiso: Modele lowu tsundzukaka tinhlamulo to letela kambe wu nga kotiki ku tirhana na datha ya xikambelo leyi nga vonekiwanga wu leteriwe ku tlurisa.
Nkambisiso wo Vhumbha (Predictive Analytics)
Predictive Analytics
Matirhiselo ya datha, ti-algorithm, na AI ku kuma ntshembo wa mihumo ya nkarhi lowu taka hi ku ya hi datha ya matimu.
Xikombiso: Vaxavisi va tirhisa nkambisiso wo vhumbha ku vhumbha xilaveko xa swikumiwa swo karhi.
Ku Letela ka ha ri Emahlweni (Pre-training)
Pre-training
Endlelo ro sungula ku letela modele eka dathaseti leyikulu, ya ntolovelo emahlweni ka ku wu lulamisa kahle eka mitirho yo karhi.
Xikombiso: Timodeli ta GPT ti leteriwa ka ha ri emahlweni eka mitlawa leyikulu ya matsalwa emahlweni ka ku lulamiseriwa ti-chatbot ta nseketelo wa vaxavi.
Vunjhiniyara bya Swikombelo (Prompt Engineering)
Prompt Engineering
Vutshila na sayense ya ku endla swikombelo leswi tirhaka kahle ku kongomisa vuhumo bya timodeli letikulu ta ririmi.
Xikombiso: Ku engetela swiletelo swa sisiteme swo fana na 'Hlamula tanihi mudyondzisi wo xiximeka' i xikombiso xa vunjhiniyara bya swikombelo.
Ku Ringanisa (Quantisation)
Quantisation
Thekiniki yo hunguta modele leyi hungutaka nhlayo ya ti-bit leti tirhisiwaka ku yimela swipimo na ku tirha, ku antswisa vukorhokeri.
Xikombiso: Ku ringanisa modele ku suka eka 32-bit ku ya eka 8-bit swi antswisa vukorhokeri eka switirhisiwa swa selula.
Khompyuta ya Quantum (Quantum Computing)
Quantum Computing
Paradigm leyintshwa ya khompyuta leyi sekeriweke eka quantum mechanics, leyi nga na vuswikoti byo lulamisa hi xikalo lexikulu.
Xikombiso: Khompyuta ya quantum yi nga ha hatlisisa ku letela ka AI ku tlula swipimo swa khale.
Njini yo Anakanya (Reasoning Engine)
Reasoning Engine
Sisiteme eka AI leyi humesaka makumu ya mianakanyo ku suka eka ntlawa wa tinhlamuselo kumbe datha hi ku tirhisa milawu kumbe ti-algorithm to endla makumu.
Xikombiso: Xitirhisiwa xa AI xo kambela vuvabyi xi tirhisa njini yo anakanya ku kuma swiyimo swa vutshunguri leswi nga vaka kona hi ku ya hi swikombiso.
Ku Dyondza loku Tiyisisiweke (RL) (Reinforcement Learning (RL))
Reinforcement Learning (RL)
Xiyenge xa ku dyondza ka muchini laha vaenzi va dyondzaka hi ku tirhisana na mbango wa vona ku engetela hakelo leyi hlengeletiwaka.
Xikombiso: Rorobhoto leri dyondzaka ku famba hi ku ringeta na ku hoxisa hi ku tirhisa tithekiniki ta RL.
Ku Dyondza loku Tiyisisiweke hi Mbuyelo wa Vanhu (RLHF) (Reinforcement Learning with Human Feedback (RLHF))
Reinforcement Learning with Human Feedback (RLHF)
Ndlela yo dyondza laha ku rhandza ka vanhu ku kongomisaka xikombiso xa hakelo xa AI, lexi talaka ku tirhisiwa eku lulamiseni ka timodeli ta ririmi.
Xikombiso: ChatGPT yi leteriwe hi RLHF ku humesa tinhlamulo leti pfunaka na leti hlayisekeke swinene.
Ntumbuluxo lowu Andzisiweke hi ku Vuyisa (RAG) (Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG))
Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG)
Ndlela leyi hlanganisaka ku vuyisa vuxokoxoko na ku tumbuluxa, laha LLM yi kumaka matsalwa lama faneleke ku antswisa nhlamulo ya yona.
Xikombiso: Mupfuni wa AI u vuyisa na ku tshaha swihlawulekisi swa swikumiwa loko a ri karhi a tumbuluxa nhlamulo ya xivutiso xa vuthekiniki.
Ku Dyondza loku Tiyimelaka (Self-Supervised Learning)
Self-Supervised Learning
Ndlela yo letela laha modele wu dyondzaka tipatironi hi ku tiendlela tilebuli ta wona ku suka eka datha leyi nga riki na nchumu, ku hunguta ku tshembela eka datha leyi fambisanaka na vanhu.
Xikombiso: BERT yi leteriwa hi ku dyondza loku tiyimelaka hi ku vhumbha marito lama kayivelaka eka matsalwa.
Ku Lava hi Nhlamuselo (Semantic Search)
Semantic Search
Thekiniki yo lava leyi twisisaka xikongomelo xa mutirhisi na nhlamuselo ya mongo, ku nga ri ntsena ku fambisana na marito ya nkoka.
Xikombiso: Ku lava 'ndlela yo lulamisa pompi leyi khulukaka' swi vuyisa swiletelo hambi loko rito 'pompi leyi khulukaka' ri nga ri kona eka tsalwa.
Nkambisiso wa Mintlhaveko (Sentiment Analysis)
Sentiment Analysis
Endlelo ro kuma mintlhaveko, mavonelo, kumbe mianakanyo eka matsalwa, leyi talaka ku hlawuriwa tanihi leyinene, yo biha, kumbe leyi nga tekiki tlhelo.
Xikombiso: Ku kambisisa ti-tweet ku kuma ndlela leyi vaaki va angulaka ha yona eka xikumiwa lexintshwa.
Xa Nhlaluko (Stochastic)
Stochastic
Ku katsa ku ka u nga hleleki kumbe mahanyelo ya ntshembo, leyi talaka ku tirhisiwa eka AI yo tumbuluxa na ti-algorithm to antswisa.
Xikombiso: Vuhumo bya GPT-4 bya hambana eka xilo lexi fanaka hikwalaho ka endlelo ra yona ro hlamusela ra nhlaluko.
AI ya Matimba (Strong AI)
Strong AI
Yi tivekawo tanihi Vutlhari byo Endliwa lebyi Angarhelaka (AGI), yi vula michini leyi nga na vuswikoti bya mianakanyo ya xiyimo xa vanhu eka swiyenge hinkwaswo.
Xikombiso: AI ya nkarhi lowu taka leyi nga kotaka ku tsala tinovhele hi yoxe, ku pulana madoroba, na ku lulamisa swiphiqo swa mahanyelo hi ndlela leyi fanaka.
Vutlhari byo Endliwa bya le Henhla swinene (SAI) (Super Artificial Intelligence (SAI))
Super Artificial Intelligence (SAI)
AI ya theoretical leyi tlulaka vutlhari bya vanhu swinene eka swiyenge hinkwaswo—ku anakanya, vutumbuluxi, vutlhari bya mintlhaveko, na swin'wana.
Xikombiso: SAI yi nga ha endla tisayense na tifilosofi letintshwa hi yoxe.
Ku Dyondza loku Lawuriwaka (Supervised Learning)
Supervised Learning
Thekiniki ya ku dyondza ka muchini laha timodeli ti leteriwaka eka datha leyi fambisanaka ku dyondza ku fambisana ka vungheno na vuhumo.
Xikombiso: Ku dyondzisa modele ku hlawula ti-imeyili tanihi spam kumbe ku nga ri spam hi ku tirhisa swikombiso swa matimu.
Datha yo Endliwa (Synthetic Data)
Synthetic Data
Datha leyi endliweke hi vutlhari leyi tekelelaka datha ya misava ya xiviri, leyi talaka ku tirhiseriwa ku letela loko datha ya xiviri yi kayivela kumbe yi ri ya xihundla.
Xikombiso: Ku endla swifaniso swa vutshunguri swo endliwa ku letela timodeli to kambela handle ko tlula vuhlayiseki bya muvabyi.
Xiphemu xa Rito (Token)
Token
Xiphemu xa matsalwa lexi lulamisiwaka hi ti-LLM—hi ntolovelo i rito kumbe xiphemu xa rito.
Xikombiso: Xivulwa 'Xewani misava!' xi avanyisiwa hi swiphemu swa 3: 'Xewani', 'misava', na '!'.
Ku Avanyisa hi Swiphemu swa Rito (Tokenisation)
Tokenisation
Endlelo ro avanyisa matsalwa hi swiphemu swa rito leswaku swi lulamisiwa hi modele.
Xikombiso: Eka NLP, 'ChatGPT yi kahle' yi va ['Chat', 'G', 'PT', 'yi', 'kahle'].
Ku Yisa emahlweni ka ku Dyondza (Transfer Learning)
Transfer Learning
Ku tirhisa vutivi ku suka eka ntirho wun'wana ku antswisa ku dyondza eka ntirho wun'wana lowu fambisanaka, ku hunguta nkarhi wo letela na xilaveko xa datha.
Xikombiso: Ku lulamisa kahle modele lowu leteriweke eka matsalwa ya Xinghezi ku endla nkambisiso wa mintlhaveko eka ririmi rin'wana.
Xitirhisiwa xo Hundzuluxa (Transformer)
Transformer
Xivumbeko xa nethweke ya vutlhari lexi tirhisaka maendlelo ya ku yingisela ku endla timodeli ta datha leyi landzelelanaka, lexi tirhisiwaka ngopfu eka ti-LLM.
Xikombiso: BERT, GPT, na T5 hinkwato i timodeli leti sekeriweke eka transformer.
Ku Letela loku Nga Eneriki (Underfitting)
Underfitting
Loko modele wu ri wo olova swinene ku kuma tipatironi eka datha yo letela, leswi vangelaka vukorhokeri byo biha.
Xikombiso: Modele wa layini lowu ringetaka ku vhumbha swihlawulo swa swifaniso leswi rharhanganeke wu nga ha letela ku nga eneriki.
Ku Dyondza loku Nga Lawuriwiki (Unsupervised Learning)
Unsupervised Learning
Ndlela yo dyondza laha timodeli ti kumaka tipatironi kumbe mitlawa eka datha leyi nga fambisaniki.
Xikombiso: Ku hlawula vaxavi hi ku ya hi mahanyelo ya ku xava handle ka tilebuli leti vekiweke emahlweni.
Xikongomelo xa Mutirhisi (User Intent)
User Intent
Xikongomelo kumbe pakani leyi nga endzhaku ka xivutiso kumbe vuxaka bya mutirhisi.
Xikombiso: Mutirhisi loyi a thayipaka 'ndlela yo baka khekhe' swi nga ha vula leswaku u lava ku kuma resepi.
Ntlawa wo Kamba (Validation Set)
Validation Set
Xiphemu xa datha lexi tirhisiwaka ku kambela vukorhokeri bya modele hi nkarhi wa ku letela na ku lulamisa ti-hyperparameter.
Xikombiso: Yi tirhisiwa ku kuma ku letela loku tlurisaka emahlweni ka xikambelo xo hetelela.
Vuhlayiselo bya Tivhekthara (Vector Database)
Vector Database
Vuhlayiselo lebyi endleriweke ku hlayisa na ku lava swilo leswi nghenisiweke swa vhekthara leswi tirhisiwaka eka mitirho ya AI yo fana na ku lava loku fanaka na RAG.
Xikombiso: Pinecone na Weaviate i vuhlayiselo bya tivhekthara byo hlayisa matsalwa kumbe swilo leswi nghenisiweke swa swifaniso.
Ku Nghenisa ka Vhekthara (Vector Embedding)
Vector Embedding
Vuyimeri bya tinomboro bya datha lebyi hlayisaka nhlamuselo ya semantic na vuxaka eka xivandla xa vhekthara.
Xikombiso: Marito 'hosi' na 'hosikazi' ma na ku nghenisa loku fanaka na ku hambana kutsongo ka rimbewu.
Mupfuni wa VIRTUAL (Virtual Assistant)
Virtual Assistant
Muenzi wa software loyi a pfunaka hi AI loyi a pfunaka vatirhisi ku hetisa mitirho hi ku vulavula kumbe hi swiletelo swa rito.
Xikombiso: Siri, Alexa, na Google Assistant i vapfuni va virtual lava dumeke.
Ku Lemuka Rito (Voice Recognition)
Voice Recognition
Thekinoloji leyi hlamuselaka na ku hundzuluxa ririmi leri vuriwaka ri va matsalwa kumbe xiendlo.
Xikombiso: Ku thayipa hi rito na swiletelo swa rito swi tshembela eka tisisiteme to lemuka rito.
AI leyi Tsaneke (Weak AI)
Weak AI
Tisisiteme ta AI leti endleriweke ku endla ntirho lowu tsaneke, wo hlawuleka handle ka vutlhari bya ntolovelo.
Xikombiso: AI leyi tlangaka chess leyi nga kotiki ku twisisa ririmi kumbe ku chayela movha i xikombiso xa AI leyi tsaneke.
Ku Hlengeleta Vuxokoxoko eka Webusayiti (Web Scraping)
Web Scraping
Ku humesa vuxokoxoko hi ku tisungulela eka tiwebusayiti, leyi talaka ku tirhiseriwa ku hlengeleta datha yo letela kumbe ku kambela vuxokoxoko.
Xikombiso: Ku hlengeleta swiviko swa tiyindlu ku letela modele wo ringanyeta nkoka wa yindlu.
Ntiko (Weight)
Weight
Pharamitha eka tinethweke ta vutlhari leyi kumaka matimba ya nkucetelo lowu nodi yin'wana yi nga na wona eka yin'wana.
Xikombiso: Swipimo swa ntiko swa lulamisiwa hi nkarhi wa ku letela ku hunguta xihoxo xa modele.
Ku Hlevetela (Whisper)
Whisper
Modele wa ku suka eka mbulavulo ku ya eka matsalwa lowu endliweke hi OpenAI lowu kotaka ku tsala mpfumawulo hi tindzimi to tala.
Xikombiso: Whisper yi nga tsala tidyondzo na tipodcast hi vukorhokeri bya le henhla.
YAML (YAML)
YAML
Fomati leyi hlayekaka hi vanhu ya ku hlela datha, leyi talaka ku tirhiseriwa tifayela ta vuyelo eka maendlelo ya ku dyondza ka muchini.
Xikombiso: Ku hlamusela tipharamitha ta modele eka fayela ya YAML ku letela eka PyTorch.
Ku Dyondza handle ka Swikombiso (Zero-shot Learning)
Zero-shot Learning
Vuswikoti bya modele byo endla mitirho leyi yi nga si tshamaka yi leteriwa eka yona hi ku kongoma hi ku tirhisa vutivi bya ntolovelo.
Xikombiso: Modele lowu hlamulaka swivutiso swa nawu hambi leswi wu nga leteriwangiki hi ku kongoma eka datha ya nawu.
Zettabyte (Zettabyte)
Zettabyte
Xipimo xa datha ya dijitali lexi ringanaka na sextillion yin'we (10^21) ya ti-byte, lexi talaka ku tirhiseriwa ku hlamusela xikalo xa datha ya inthanete.
Xikombiso: Trafiki ya inthanete ya misava hinkwayo yi tlurile zettabyte yin'we hi lembe hi 2016.
