Kuringaniza (Alignment)
Alignment
Uburyo bwo kureba ko intego, ibyavuyemo, n'imyitwarire ya sisitemu ya AI bihuza n'intego n'indangagaciro z'abantu. Ibi ni ingenzi cyane muri sisitemu zikomeye zishobora kugira imyitwarire itateganyijwe.
Urugero: Kureba ko chatbot y'ubufasha mu buzima bwo mu mutwe itigera itanga inama zangiza, kabone n'ubwo haba hari amabwiriza.
Uburyo bwo Guhuza Porogaramu (API) (Application Programming Interface (API))
Application Programming Interface (API)
Amategeko n'amabwiriza asobanutse atuma sisitemu zitandukanye za software zishobora kuvugana no guhanahana amakuru.
Urugero: Gukoresha OpenAI API kugira ngo wohereze amabwiriza kandi wakire igisubizo cyakozwe n'icyitegererezo cy'ururimi muri porogaramu yawe ya interineti.
Ubwenge bw'Imashini Rusange (AGI) (Artificial General Intelligence (AGI))
Artificial General Intelligence (AGI)
Ubwoko bw'ubuhanga bw'ubwenge bw'imashini (AI) bushobora gukora imirimo yose y'ubwenge umuntu ashobora gukora. Bushobora kwiga mu bice bitandukanye.
Urugero: Sisitemu ya AGI ishobora kwiga guhimba umuziki, gukora ibagwe, no gutsinda ikizamini cya filozofiya nta porogaramu yihariye y'umurimo.
Ubwenge bw'Imashini (AI) (Artificial Intelligence (AI))
Artificial Intelligence (AI)
Kwigana ubwenge bw'abantu mu mashini zateguwe gutekereza, gusesengura, no gukora ku giti cyazo.
Urugero: AI itanga imbaraga ku bafasha bwite nka Siri na sisitemu zo gutwara imodoka zigenga nka Tesla Autopilot.
Imyitwarire ya AI (AI Ethics)
AI Ethics
Ubwenge bw'imashini (AI) bujyanye n'ingaruka z'imyitwarire z'iterambere n'ikoreshwa rya AI, harimo ubutabera, ubuzima bwite, kubazwa, no kutavangura.
Urugero: Gushyiraho amabwiriza yo gukumira algorithme zo guha akazi kuvangura abantu bitewe n'igitsina cyangwa ubwoko.
Ubwenge bw'Imashini Bwongerewe (Augmented Intelligence)
Augmented Intelligence
Icyitegererezo cyo gukorana aho AI yunganira kandi ikongerera ubwenge bw'abantu aho kubusimbura.
Urugero: Ibikoresho bya radiologiya bikoresha AI bishimangira ibitagenda neza ku baganga, bakaba aribo bafata icyemezo cya nyuma.
Umukozi Wigenga (Autonomous Agent)
Autonomous Agent
Sisitemu ya AI ishobora gufata ibyemezo byayo no gukora ibikorwa kugira ngo igere ku ntego zayo nta kwivanga kw'abantu.
Urugero: Robot itwara ibintu yigenga igenda mu mihanda y'umujyi kandi ikwirinda inzitizi ku giti cyayo.
Gusubiza inyuma (Backpropagation)
Backpropagation
Uburyo bwo kwitoza imiyoboro y'ubwonko bw'imashini mu guhindura uburemere mu buryo buhindukira kuva ku byavuyemo kugeza ku bice byinjira, bigabanya amakosa yo guhanura.
Urugero: Bikoreshwa mu kwitoza abashyira mu byiciro amashusho kugira ngo bagabanye amakosa mu kumenya imibare yanditse intoki.
Kubogama (Kubogama kwa Algorithme) (Bias (Algorithmic Bias))
Bias (Algorithmic Bias)
Gukunda cyangwa kutakunda umuntu cyangwa ikintu mu buryo butateganyijwe kandi buhoraho mu byavuyemo bya AI bitewe n'amakuru yo kwitoza adahagije cyangwa adahagarariye.
Urugero: Sisitemu yo kumenya mu maso yibeshya abantu b'amabara kenshi bitewe n'uko batagaragaye bihagije mu makuru yo kwitoza.
Amakuru Menshi (Big Data)
Big Data
Ibyegeranyo binini cyane by'amakuru bisaba ibikoresho bidasanzwe byo kubika, gusesengura, no gukuramo agaciro, akenshi bikoreshwa mu kwitoza ibyitegererezo bya AI.
Urugero: Gukoresha imikoranire ya miliyoni z'abakoresha mu kwitoza imashini zitanga inama ku masoko ya e-commerce.
Icyitegererezo cy'Agasanduku Kairabura (Black Box Model)
Black Box Model
Ubwoko bwa AI cyangwa icyitegererezo cy'imashini yigenga ifite imikorere y'imbere itoroshye gusobanurwa n'abantu, bigatuma bigorana kumva uburyo ibyemezo bifatwa.
Urugero: Imiyoboro y'ubwonko bw'imashini ikoreshwa mu kwemeza inguzanyo ariko idatanga ibisobanuro byumvikana impamvu umusaba umwe yemewe undi akangwa.
Kubara Kw'Ubwonko (Cognitive Computing)
Cognitive Computing
Sisitemu za AI zateguwe kwigana imikorere y'ubwonko bw'abantu, nko gusesengura no kwiga, zikoresheje uburyo nka NLP no kumenya imiterere.
Urugero: Sisitemu yo kubara kw'ubwonko ifasha abanyamategeko gusesengura amategeko y'imanza no guhanura ibyavuyemo.
Kureba Kw'Imashini (Computer Vision)
Computer Vision
Urwego rw'ubuhanga bw'ubwenge bw'imashini (AI) rutuma mudasobwa zishobora gusobanura no gutunganya amakuru y'amashusho n'amavidewo.
Urugero: Sisitemu zo kumenya mu maso zimenya abantu mu mashusho y'umutekano zikoresheje kureba kw'imashini.
Inkoranyamagambo (Corpus)
Corpus
Ibyegeranyo binini by'inyandiko cyangwa amagambo akoreshwa mu kwitoza ibyitegererezo by'ururimi.
Urugero: Ibyegeranyo bya Common Crawl ni inkoranyamagambo rusange ikoreshwa mu kwitoza ibyitegererezo binini by'ururimi nka GPT.
Guhindagurika kw'Amakuru (Data Drift)
Data Drift
Icyerekezo aho amakuru yinjira ahinduka uko igihe kigenda, bigatuma imikorere y'icyitegererezo igabanuka.
Urugero: Icyitegererezo cyo guhanura ibyangiritse ku bikoresho by'inganda kigabanuka ubushobozi bwo guhanura neza uko ikoranabuhanga rishya rya sensor ryinjizwa.
Gutagisha Amakuru (Data Labelling)
Data Labelling
Uburyo bwo gutagisha amakuru hamwe n'ibimenyetso cyangwa amabara kugira ngo abe akwiriye kwiga kugenzurwa.
Urugero: Gutagisha ibihumbi by'amashusho y'ibibyimba nka benign cyangwa malignant kugira ngo hatozwe icyitegererezo cyo kumenya kanseri.
Gucukura Amakuru (Data Mining)
Data Mining
Uburyo bwo kuvumbura imiterere ifite agaciro, isano, n'ibitagenda neza mu byegeranyo binini by'amakuru.
Urugero: Abacuruzi bakoresha gucukura amakuru kugira ngo bamenye ko abagura impapuro z'abana bakunze kugura n'inzoga.
Kwiga Byimbitse (Deep Learning)
Deep Learning
Urwego rwo kwiga kw'imashini rukoresha imiyoboro y'ubwonko bw'imashini ifite ibice byinshi kugira ngo yige imiterere igoye mu makuru.
Urugero: Kwiga byimbitse bikoreshwa mu byitegererezo by'ururimi nka GPT-4 n'ibyitegererezo bikora amashusho nka Stable Diffusion.
Ibyitegererezo bya Diffusion (Diffusion Models)
Diffusion Models
Ubwoko bw'ibyitegererezo bikora byiga gukora amakuru mu guhindura buhoro buhoro urujijo mu byavuyemo bifite imiterere.
Urugero: Stable Diffusion ikora amashusho asa n'ukuri kuva mu nyandiko ikoresheje uburyo bwa diffusion.
Kwinjiza (Embedding)
Embedding
Icyerekezo cy'imibare cy'amakuru, akenshi gikoreshwa mu gufata ubusobanuro bw'amagambo, amashusho, cyangwa interuro.
Urugero: Muri NLP, ijambo 'bank' rishobora kugira ibyerekezo bisa na 'money' ariko bitandukanye na 'riverbank' bitewe n'imiterere.
Igihe (Epoch)
Epoch
Igihe cyose cyo kwitoza icyitegererezo cy'imashini yigenga.
Urugero: Niba icyegeranyo cy'amakuru gifite ingero 1,000 kandi icyitegererezo kikazireba rimwe mu gihe cyo kwitoza, icyo ni igihe kimwe.
AI y'Imyitwarire (Ethical AI)
Ethical AI
Filozofiya yo gutegura no gukoresha ituma ikoranabuhanga rya AI rikora mu buryo bugaragara, bungana, kandi rihuza n'indangagaciro z'umuryango.
Urugero: Igikoresho cya AI cyo guha akazi kirimo kugenzura kubogama kugira ngo gikuraho ivangura ku bahabwa akazi b'abato.
Sisitemu y'Impuguke (Expert System)
Expert System
Sisitemu ya AI yigana ubushobozi bwo gufata ibyemezo by'impuguke y'umuntu mu rwego runaka ikoresheje amategeko n'imikorere.
Urugero: Sisitemu y'impuguke ikoreshwa mu buhinzi kugira ngo itange inama ku miti y'ibihingwa ishingiye ku makuru y'ubutaka n'amateka y'udukoko.
AI Isesengurwa (XAI) (Explainable AI (XAI))
Explainable AI (XAI)
Sisitemu za AI zateguwe kugira ngo imikorere yazo y'imbere n'ibyemezo byazo bishobore kumvikana ku bantu, bigatuma habaho icyizere no kubazwa.
Urugero: AI yo gusuzuma indwara itanga inama gusa ahubwo inasobanura ibimenyetso byatumye ifata icyo cyemezo.
Kwiga Gake (Few-shot Learning)
Few-shot Learning
Uburyo bwo kwiga kw'imashini aho icyitegererezo cyitozwa cyangwa kigatunganywa gikoresheje ingero nkeya zifite amabara.
Urugero: Gutunganya LLM kugira ngo yandike imeri z'amategeko nyuma yo kuyereka ingero 10 gusa.
Gutunganaya (Fine-tuning)
Fine-tuning
Uburyo bwo gufata icyitegererezo cyatojwe mbere no kucyitoza byimbitse ku cyegeranyo gishya, gito cy'amakuru kugira ngo kibe cyihariye ku murimo runaka.
Urugero: Gutunganya LLM rusange nka GPT ku nyandiko z'amategeko z'imbere kugira ngo hakorwe umufasha mu kwandika amategeko.
Icyitegererezo Shingiro (Foundation Model)
Foundation Model
Icyitegererezo kinini cyatojwe ku makuru atandukanye kandi agari ashobora guhindurwa ku mirimo myinshi ikurikira.
Urugero: GPT-4 na PaLM 2 ni ibyitegererezo shingiro bishobora gupfupfunura, kubaza no gusubiza, gusemura, n'ibindi.
Logic ya Fuzzy (Fuzzy Logic)
Fuzzy Logic
Ubwoko bwa logic bujyanye n'agaciro kagereranijwe aho kuba logic ihamye y'ukuri/ikinyoma (binary), ingirakamaro mu gusesengura mu gihe cy'ubwiyongere.
Urugero: Bikoreshwa muri sisitemu zo kugenzura ikirere kugira ngo zihindure ubushyuhe bishingiye ku byinjira bya fuzzy nka 'bishyushye gato' cyangwa 'bikanye cyane'.
Urusobe rw'Imashini Zihangana (GAN) (Generative Adversarial Network (GAN))
Generative Adversarial Network (GAN)
Imiterere y'icyitegererezo gikora aho imiyoboro ibiri — ikora n'itandukanya — ihangana kugira ngo yongere ubuziranenge bw'ibyavuyemo.
Urugero: GANs zikoreshwa mu gukora amavidewo ya deepfake cyangwa gukora amashusho y'ibicuruzwa asa n'ukuri kuva mu bishushanyo.
AI Ikora (Generative AI)
Generative AI
Icyiciro cy'ubuhanga bw'ubwenge bw'imashini (AI) gishobora gukora ibintu bishya — nka nyandiko, amashusho, umuziki, cyangwa amavidewo — kuva mu makuru yo kwitoza.
Urugero: ChatGPT ikora inyandiko za blog cyangwa Midjourney ikora ibishushanyo bya digitale kuva mu nyandiko.
Transformer Ikora Yatojwe Mbere (GPT) (Generative Pre-trained Transformer (GPT))
Generative Pre-trained Transformer (GPT)
Ubwoko bw'ibyitegererezo binini by'ururimi byakozwe na OpenAI bikoresha imiterere ya transformer kandi byatojwe ku nyandiko nyinshi kugira ngo bikore imirimo itandukanye y'ururimi.
Urugero: GPT-4 ishobora kwandika inyandiko, gusemura indimi, no gupfupfunura inyandiko nta mabwiriza menshi.
Algorithme y'Igenamiterere (Genetic Algorithm)
Genetic Algorithm
Uburyo bwo kongera imikorere bushingiye ku ihinduka ry'imiterere aho ibisubizo bihinduka uko igihe kigenda binyuze mu guhinduka, guhuza, no guhitamo.
Urugero: Bikoreshwa mu gutegura imiterere y'imiyoboro y'ubwonko bw'imashini ikora neza mu kwigana kubaho kw'abakomeye.
Guhumeka (Hallucination)
Hallucination
Gukora ibintu bisa n'ukuri ariko bidafite ishingiro cyangwa bidafite agaciro n'icyitegererezo cya AI.
Urugero: Icyitegererezo cy'ururimi gihimba inyandiko itabaho cyangwa gitanga amakuru y'amateka y'ikinyoma.
Heuristic (Heuristic)
Heuristic
Uburyo bw'ingirakamaro bwo gukemura ibibazo budatanga igisubizo cyuzuye ariko buhagije ku ntego zihutirwa.
Urugero: Gukoresha amabwiriza yoroshye mu kugereranya igihe cyo gutanga ibicuruzwa muri sisitemu ya AI y'ubwikorezi.
Hyperparameter (Hyperparameter)
Hyperparameter
Agaciro k'igenamiterere gashyirwaho mbere yo kwitoza icyitegererezo cy'imashini yigenga, nko kwiga igipimo cyangwa umubare w'ibice.
Urugero: Guhindura ubunini bwa batch kuva 32 kugeza 128 kugira ngo byongere umuvuduko wo kwitoza n'imikorere y'icyitegererezo.
Gusesengura (Inference)
Inference
Uburyo bwo gukoresha icyitegererezo cy'imashini yigenga cyatojwe kugira ngo gihanure cyangwa gitange ibyavuyemo ku makuru mashya yinjira.
Urugero: Gukoresha icyitegererezo cya GPT cyatunganijwe mu kwandika imeri ku itsinda rishinzwe serivisi z'abakiriya.
Kumenya Intego (Intent Detection)
Intent Detection
Umurimo mu gusobanukirwa ururimi rusanzwe aho sisitemu imenya intego cyangwa impamvu y'umukoresha mu butumwa.
Urugero: Muri chatbot, kumenya 'Ndashaka gutumiza indege' nk'intego yo gutumiza urugendo.
Internet y'Ibintu (IoT) (Internet of Things (IoT))
Internet of Things (IoT)
Urusobe rw'ibikoresho by'umubiri bihuza bifite sensor, software, n'ibindi bikoranabuhanga byo gukusanya no guhanahana amakuru.
Urugero: Thermostat zigezweho n'amafirigo atanga amakuru y'ikoreshwa kandi agahindura igenamiterere akoresheje isesengura rya AI.
Gusobanura (Interpretability)
Interpretability
Uburyo umuntu ashobora gusobanukirwa imikorere y'imbere y'icyitegererezo cy'imashini yigenga n'uburyo gifata ibyemezo.
Urugero: Igiti cy'ibyemezo kirasobanuka kuruta imiyoboro y'ubwonko bw'imashini kuko ibyemezo byacyo bishobora gukurikiranwa.
Jupyter Notebook (Jupyter Notebook)
Jupyter Notebook
Ubwoko bwa porogaramu y'ubuntu ikoreshwa mu kubara ituma abakoresha bashobora kwandika code, kureba ibyavuyemo, no kwandika isesengura mu buryo bumwe.
Urugero: Abahanga mu by'amakuru bakoresha Jupyter Notebooks mu gukora ibyitegererezo by'imashini yigenga no gusangira ibyavuyemo.
Abaturanyi ba K-hafi (KNN) (K-Nearest Neighbours (KNN))
K-Nearest Neighbours (KNN)
Algorithme yoroshye, idafite parameter y'imashini yigenga ikoreshwa mu gushyira mu byiciro no gusesengura. Ifata ibyemezo ishingiye ku ngingo zihagarariye hafi mu mwanya w'imiterere.
Urugero: Kugira ngo ushyire mu byiciro imbuto nshya nka pome cyangwa pear, KNN ireba imbuto zifite amabara zihagarariye hafi mu ishusho n'ibara.
Igishushanyo cy'Ubumenyi (Knowledge Graph)
Knowledge Graph
Imiterere y'amakuru ikoresha nodes n'imipaka mu guhagararira no kubika ibisobanuro bihuza by'ibintu n'isano yabyo.
Urugero: Panel y'ubumenyi ya Google itangwa n'igishushanyo cy'ubumenyi gihuza ibintu nka abantu, ahantu, n'ibikorwa.
Kwongera Imikorere y'Icyitegererezo cy'Ururimi (LLMO) (Language Learning Model Optimisation (LLMO))
Language Learning Model Optimisation (LLMO)
Uburyo bukoreshwa mu kongera imikorere, ubushobozi, cyangwa guhinduka kw'ibyitegererezo binini by'ururimi ku mirimo cyangwa ibice byihariye.
Urugero: Gukoresha quantisation no gutunganya amabwiriza mu kongera imikorere ya LLM ku ikoreshwa mu bigo.
Icyitegererezo cy'Ururimi Kinini (LLM) (Large Language Model (LLM))
Large Language Model (LLM)
Ubwoko bw'icyitegererezo cyo kwiga byimbitse cyatojwe ku nyandiko nyinshi zishobora gukora, gusobanukirwa, no gusesengura ururimi rw'abantu.
Urugero: ChatGPT na Claude ni LLMs zitojwe gufasha mu kwandika, gukora code, no gusubiza ibibazo.
Umwanya Utagaragara (Latent Space)
Latent Space
Icyerekezo kinini cy'uburyo bwo guhagararira aho ibyinjira bisa bigurumanishwa hamwe, bikoreshwa mu byitegererezo bikora n'ibyerekezo.
Urugero: Mu gukora amashusho, guhindura umwanya utagaragara bishobora guhindura imiterere nka brightness cyangwa ibyiyumvo.
Igipimo cyo Kwiga (Learning Rate)
Learning Rate
Hyperparameter ingenzi mu kwitoza igenzura uburyo uburemere bw'icyitegererezo buhindurwa ku bijyanye n'igabanuka ry'igihombo.
Urugero: Igipimo kinini cyo kwiga gishobora gutuma habaho kurenga minima, mu gihe igipimo gito cyane kigabanya umuvuduko wo kwitoza.
Kwiga Kw'Imashini (ML) (Machine Learning (ML))
Machine Learning (ML)
Urwego rwa AI rutuma sisitemu zishobora kwiga ku makuru no kongera imikorere nta porogaramu yihariye.
Urugero: Ibyuma bigenzura spam bikoresha imashini yigenga mu gushyira mu byiciro imeri nka spam cyangwa atari spam bishingiye ku ngingo zabanje.
Guhindagurika kw'Icyitegererezo (Model Drift)
Model Drift
Icyerekezo aho ubushobozi bw'icyitegererezo bugabanuka uko igihe kigenda bitewe n'impinduka mu makuru cyangwa ibidukikije.
Urugero: Icyitegererezo cyo kumenya uburiganya kigabanuka ubushobozi bwo kumenya neza uko uburyo bw'uburiganya buhinduka.
Kwitoza kw'Icyitegererezo (Model Training)
Model Training
Uburyo bwo gutanga amakuru ku cyitegererezo cy'imashini yigenga no guhindura parameter zacyo kugira ngo hagabanuke amakosa.
Urugero: Kwitoza imashini itanga inama ku mateka y'ibyo abakiriya baguze kugira ngo itange ibicuruzwa bishya.
Multimodal AI (Multimodal AI)
Multimodal AI
Sisitemu za AI zishobora gutunganya no guhuza ubwoko bwinshi bw'amakuru nka nyandiko, amashusho, amajwi, n'amavidewo.
Urugero: Icyitegererezo nka GPT-4 Vision gishobora gusoma inyandiko no gusobanura amashusho icyarimwe.
Gutunganya Ururimi Rusanzwe (NLP) (Natural Language Processing (NLP))
Natural Language Processing (NLP)
Urwego rwa AI rwibanda ku mikoranire hagati ya mudasobwa n'indimi z'abantu (rusanzwe). Rutuma imashini zishobora gusoma, gusobanukirwa, no gusubiza mu rurimi rw'abantu.
Urugero: NLP ikoreshwa mu bafasha b'ijwi, porogaramu zo gusemura indimi, na chatbots.
Imiyoboro y'Ubwonko bw'Imashini (Neural Network)
Neural Network
Icyitegererezo cy'imashini yigenga gishingiye ku miterere y'ubwonko bw'abantu, kigizwe n'ibice by'imiyoboro ihuza (neurons).
Urugero: Imiyoboro y'ubwonko bw'imashini iri inyuma y'ibyitegererezo byo kwiga byimbitse bikoreshwa mu kumenya amashusho n'ijwi.
Urujijo (Noise)
Noise
Amakuru adafite ishingiro cyangwa adafite agaciro mu makuru ashobora guhisha imiterere ifite agaciro kandi akagira ingaruka mbi ku mikorere y'icyitegererezo.
Urugero: Amakosa ya sensor cyangwa amakuru yuzuye amakosa ashobora gufatwa nk'urujijo.
Ontology (Ontology)
Ontology
Imiterere yateguwe ishyira mu byiciro kandi igasobanura isano hagati y'ibitekerezo mu rwego runaka, akenshi ikoreshwa muri sisitemu za AI zifite ubusobanuro.
Urugero: Ontology mu buvuzi ishobora gusobanura uburyo ibimenyetso bifitanye isano n'indwara n'ubuvuzi.
Kwiyongera (Overfitting)
Overfitting
Ikosa ryo kwitoza aho icyitegererezo cy'imashini yigenga gifata urujijo mu makuru yo kwitoza kandi kigakora nabi ku makuru mashya.
Urugero: Icyitegererezo cyibuka ibisubizo byo kwitoza ariko ntishobora gukemura amakuru atarigeze abona.
Isesengura ry'Ibizaza (Predictive Analytics)
Predictive Analytics
Gukoresha amakuru, algorithme, na AI mu kumenya ibishobora kubaho mu gihe kizaza bishingiye ku makuru y'amateka.
Urugero: Abacuruzi bakoresha isesengura ry'ibizaza mu guhanura ibicuruzwa runaka.
Kwitoza Mbere (Pre-training)
Pre-training
Uburyo bwo kwitoza icyitegererezo ku cyegeranyo kinini, rusange cy'amakuru mbere yo kucyungurura ku mirimo yihariye.
Urugero: Ibyitegererezo bya GPT bitozwa mbere ku byegeranyo binini mbere yo gutunganywa ku chatbots z'abakiriya.
Ubuhanga bwo Gutanga Amabwiriza (Prompt Engineering)
Prompt Engineering
Ubugeni n'ubumenyi bwo gukora amabwiriza akora neza kugira ngo ayobore ibyavuyemo by'ibyitegererezo binini by'ururimi.
Urugero: Kongeramo amabwiriza ya sisitemu nka 'Subiza nk'umwarimu w'umunyabupfura' ni urugero rw'ubuhanga bwo gutanga amabwiriza.
Quantisation (Quantisation)
Quantisation
Uburyo bwo gucompress icyitegererezo bugabanya umubare w'ibice bikoreshwa mu guhagararira uburemere n'ibikorwa, bigatuma ubushobozi bwiyongera.
Urugero: Guhindura icyitegererezo kuva 32-bit kugeza 8-bit byongera imikorere kuri terefone zigendanwa.
Kubara kwa Quantum (Quantum Computing)
Quantum Computing
Uburyo bushya bwo kubara bushingiye ku mikorere ya quantum, bufite ubushobozi bwo gutunganya amakuru mu buryo bwihuse cyane.
Urugero: Kubara kwa quantum bishobora kuzihutisha kwitoza kwa AI kurenza imipaka ya kera.
Imashini Isesengura (Reasoning Engine)
Reasoning Engine
Sisitemu muri AI ikuramo imyanzuro ishingiye ku makuru cyangwa amakuru ikoresheje amategeko cyangwa algorithme zo gusesengura.
Urugero: Igikoresho cya AI cyo gusuzuma indwara gikoresha imashini isesengura mu gukuramo indwara zishoboka zishingiye ku bimenyetso.
Kwiga Kwongera Imbaraga (RL) (Reinforcement Learning (RL))
Reinforcement Learning (RL)
Urwego rwo kwiga kw'imashini aho abakozi biga binyuze mu mikoranire n'ibidukikije byabo kugira ngo bongere ibihembo byose.
Urugero: Robot yiga kugenda binyuze mu kugerageza no kwibeshya ikoresheje uburyo bwa RL.
Kwiga Kwongera Imbaraga hamwe n'Igisubizo cy'Abantu (RLHF) (Reinforcement Learning with Human Feedback (RLHF))
Reinforcement Learning with Human Feedback (RLHF)
Uburyo bwo kwiga aho ibyifuzo by'abantu biyobora igihembo cya AI, akenshi bikoreshwa mu gutunganya ibyitegererezo by'ururimi.
Urugero: ChatGPT yatojwe na RLHF kugira ngo itange ibisubizo byingirakamaro kandi byizewe.
Gusubiza-Kugenera Kwongerewe (RAG) (Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG))
Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG)
Uburyo buhuza gushakisha amakuru no gukora, aho LLM ikuramo inyandiko zifitanye isano kugira ngo yongere igisubizo cyayo.
Urugero: Umufasha wa AI akuramo kandi akavuga ibisobanuro by'ibicuruzwa mu gihe atanga igisubizo ku kibazo cy'ubuhanga.
Kwiga Kwigenga (Self-Supervised Learning)
Self-Supervised Learning
Uburyo bwo kwitoza aho icyitegererezo cyiga imiterere mu gukora amabara yacyo kuva mu makuru atunganyijwe, bigabanya kwishingira ku makuru y'abantu.
Urugero: BERT yatojwe kwiga kwigenga mu guhanura amagambo abura mu nyandiko.
Gushakisha Semantic (Semantic Search)
Semantic Search
Uburyo bwo gushakisha busobanukirwa intego y'umukoresha n'ubusobanuro bw'imiterere, atari uguhuza amagambo y'ingenzi gusa.
Urugero: Gushakisha 'uko gukosora amazi atemba' bitanga amabwiriza kabone n'ubwo ijambo 'amazi atemba' ritari mu nyandiko.
Isesengura ry'Ibyiyumvo (Sentiment Analysis)
Sentiment Analysis
Uburyo bwo kumenya ibyiyumvo, ibitekerezo, cyangwa imyifatire mu nyandiko, akenshi bishyira mu byiciro nka positive, negative, cyangwa neutral.
Urugero: Gusesengura tweets kugira ngo umenye uko abantu bakiriye ibicuruzwa bishya.
Stochastic (Stochastic)
Stochastic
Birimo urujijo cyangwa imyitwarire y'ibishoboka, akenshi bikoreshwa muri AI ikora n'algorithme zo kongera imikorere.
Urugero: Ibyavuyemo bya GPT-4 biratandukana ku byinjira bimwe bitewe n'uburyo bwayo bwo gusesengura.
AI Ikomeye (Strong AI)
Strong AI
Izanwa kandi nka Ubwenge bw'Imashini Rusange (AGI), bivuga imashini zifite ubushobozi bw'ubwenge bw'abantu mu bice byose.
Urugero: AI y'ejo hazaza ishobora kwandika ibitabo, gutegura imijyi, no gukemura ibibazo by'imyitwarire kimwe.
Ubwenge bw'Imashini Bukomeye (SAI) (Super Artificial Intelligence (SAI))
Super Artificial Intelligence (SAI)
AI y'ubwenge bw'imashini irenga ubwenge bw'abantu mu bice byose—gusesengura, guhanga, ubwenge bw'ibyiyumvo, n'ibindi.
Urugero: SAI ishobora mu buryo bw'ubwenge gukora ubumenyi bushya na filozofiya ku giti cyayo.
Kwiga Kugenzurwa (Supervised Learning)
Supervised Learning
Uburyo bwo kwiga kw'imashini aho ibyitegererezo bitozwa ku makuru y'amabara kugira ngo bige guhuza ibyinjira n'ibyavuyemo.
Urugero: Kwigisha icyitegererezo gushyira mu byiciro imeri nka spam cyangwa atari spam ikoresheje ingero z'amateka.
Amakuru y'Ubwenge (Synthetic Data)
Synthetic Data
Amakuru yakozwe mu buryo bw'ubwenge yigana amakuru y'ukuri, akenshi akoreshwa mu kwitoza igihe amakuru y'ukuri ari make cyangwa yihariye.
Urugero: Gukora amashusho y'ubuvuzi y'ubwenge mu kwitoza ibyitegererezo byo gusuzuma indwara nta kurenga ku buzima bwite bw'umurwayi.
Token (Token)
Token
Igice cy'inyandiko gitunganywa na LLMs—akenshi ijambo cyangwa igice cy'ijambo.
Urugero: Interuro 'Hello world!' igabanyijemo tokens 3: 'Hello', 'world', na '!'.
Tokenisation (Tokenisation)
Tokenisation
Uburyo bwo kugabanya inyandiko mu tokens kugira ngo itunganywe n'icyitegererezo.
Urugero: Muri NLP, 'ChatGPT is great' iba ['Chat', 'G', 'PT', 'is', 'great'].
Kwiga Kwimurira (Transfer Learning)
Transfer Learning
Gukoresha ubumenyi buvuye ku murimo umwe mu kongera kwiga ku wundi murimo ufite isano, bigabanya igihe cyo kwitoza n'amakuru akenewe.
Urugero: Gutunganya icyitegererezo cyatojwe ku nyandiko y'Icyongereza kugira ngo gikore isesengura ry'ibyiyumvo mu rurimi rwundi.
Transformer (Transformer)
Transformer
Imiterere y'imiyoboro y'ubwonko bw'imashini ikoresha uburyo bwo kwitondera mu kwitoza amakuru akurikirana, ikoreshwa cyane muri LLMs.
Urugero: BERT, GPT, na T5 ni ibyitegererezo bishingiye kuri transformer.
Kwiga Gake (Underfitting)
Underfitting
Iyo icyitegererezo cyoroshye cyane ku buryo kidashobora gufata imiterere mu makuru yo kwitoza, bigatuma imikorere iba mibi.
Urugero: Icyitegererezo cya linear kigerageza guhanura amashusho agoye gishobora kwiga gake.
Kwiga Kudagenzurwa (Unsupervised Learning)
Unsupervised Learning
Uburyo bwo kwiga aho ibyitegererezo bimenya imiterere cyangwa amatsinda mu makuru adafite amabara.
Urugero: Gushyira mu matsinda abakiriya bishingiye ku myitwarire yo kugura nta mabara yateguwe.
Intego y'Umukoresha (User Intent)
User Intent
Intego cyangwa impamvu iri inyuma y'ikibazo cyangwa imikoranire y'umukoresha.
Urugero: Umukoresha wandika 'uko guteka umukate' ashobora kuba afite intego yo gushaka resept.
Icyegeranyo cyo Kugenzura (Validation Set)
Validation Set
Igice cy'amakuru gikoreshwa mu gusuzuma imikorere y'icyitegererezo mu gihe cyo kwitoza no gutunganya hyperparameter.
Urugero: Bikoreshwa mu kumenya kwiyongera mbere yo kugerageza kwa nyuma.
Database ya Vector (Vector Database)
Vector Database
Database yateguwe kubika no gushakisha ibyerekezo bya vector bikoreshwa mu mirimo ya AI nko gushakisha ibisa na RAG.
Urugero: Pinecone na Weaviate ni database za vector zo kubika inyandiko cyangwa ibyerekezo by'amashusho.
Vector Embedding (Vector Embedding)
Vector Embedding
Icyerekezo cy'imibare cy'amakuru kibika ubusobanuro bw'imiterere n'isano mu mwanya wa vector.
Urugero: Amagambo 'king' na 'queen' afite ibyerekezo bisa n'uburyo butandukanye bw'igitsina.
Umufasha w'Icyitegererezo (Virtual Assistant)
Virtual Assistant
Umukozi wa software ukoresha AI ufasha abakoresha gukora imirimo binyuze mu kiganiro cyangwa amabwiriza y'ijwi.
Urugero: Siri, Alexa, na Google Assistant ni abafasha b'icyitegererezo bakunzwe.
Kumenya Ijwi (Voice Recognition)
Voice Recognition
Ikoranabuhanga risobanura kandi rihindura ururimi ruvugwa mu nyandiko cyangwa igikorwa.
Urugero: Kwandika ijwi n'amabwiriza y'ijwi bishingiye kuri sisitemu zo kumenya ijwi.
AI Ntoya (Weak AI)
Weak AI
Sisitemu za AI zateguwe gukora umurimo muto, wihariye nta bwenge rusange.
Urugero: AI ikina chess idashobora gusobanukirwa ururimi cyangwa gutwara imodoka ni urugero rwa AI ntoya.
Gukusanya Amakuru kuri Internet (Web Scraping)
Web Scraping
Gukuramo amakuru ku giti cyayo kuva ku mbuga za interineti, akenshi bikoreshwa mu gukusanya amakuru yo kwitoza cyangwa kugenzura ibikubiyeho.
Urugero: Gukusanya amakuru y'amazu yo kugurisha kugira ngo hatozwe icyitegererezo cyo kugereranya agaciro k'umutungo.
Uburemere (Weight)
Weight
Parameter mu miyoboro y'ubwonko bw'imashini igenzura imbaraga z'ingingo imwe ku yindi.
Urugero: Uburemere buhinduka mu gihe cyo kwitoza kugira ngo hagabanuke amakosa y'icyitegererezo.
Whisper (Whisper)
Whisper
Icyitegererezo cyo guhindura ijwi mu nyandiko cyakozwe na OpenAI gishobora guhindura amajwi mu ndimi nyinshi.
Urugero: Whisper ishobora guhindura inyandiko z'amashuri n'ama-podcast mu buryo bwizewe cyane.
YAML (YAML)
YAML
Uburyo bworoshye gusoma bw'amakuru, bukoreshwa cyane mu dosiye z'igenamiterere mu mikorere y'imashini yigenga.
Urugero: Gusobanura parameter z'icyitegererezo muri dosiye ya YAML yo kwitoza muri PyTorch.
Kwiga Zero-shot (Zero-shot Learning)
Zero-shot Learning
Ubushobozi bw'icyitegererezo bwo gukora imirimo kitigeze cyitozwa ku giti cyacyo mu gukoresha ubumenyi rusange.
Urugero: Icyitegererezo gisubiza ibibazo by'amategeko kabone n'ubwo kitigeze cyitozwa ku makuru y'amategeko.
Zettabyte (Zettabyte)
Zettabyte
Igice cy'amakuru ya digitale kingana na sextillion imwe (10^21) bytes, akenshi gikoreshwa mu gusobanura ubunini bw'amakuru ya interineti.
Urugero: Umubare w'amakuru ya interineti ku isi hose warenze zettabyte 1 ku mwaka mu 2016.
